Showing posts with label Vietnam wonder. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Vietnam wonder. Show all posts
Wednesday, March 16, 2011
Hoang Lien National Park
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Hoang Lien National Park Hoang Lien National Park, just outside Sapa town, is unique for experiencing nature at close hand. The Park encompasses approximately 30 km2 of scenic mountainous landscape, including Vietnam s highest peak, Fansipan (3143m). The Park contains temperate and sub-temperate forests which cover the Hoang Lien mountain range. The forest and surrounding vegetation provides habitats for a variety of birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians and insects. Many of these are found only in north-west Vietnam and are of great biological significance. Hoang Lien National Park Hoang Lien National Park is located in the Hoang Lien mountain range belonging to Sapa and Than Uyen districts, Lao Cai Province and includes Vietnam s highest peak, Mount Fansipan (3,143 m). The park supports a wide variety of habitat types: elevations below 1,800m support lower montage evergreen forest; elevations between 1,800 and 2,500m support upper montage evergreen forest, elevations between 2,500 and 2,800m support sub-alpine forest, while the vegetation above 2,800m is dominated by stands of dwarf bamboo with scattered, stunted trees. Below 1,000m, the forest has been almost entirely cleared and replaced with anthropogenic habitats, including secondary grassland, scrub and cultivation. Secondary habitats are also found at higher elevations. The park supports a high diversity of animal groups. 347 bird species have been recorded in and around the nature reserve, including 49 species that are restricted in Viet Nam to north-west Tonkin. The park also supports approximately one third of Viet Nam s known amphibian species, the highest recorded amphibian species richness of any protected area in Viet Nam. Several amphibian species are currently known only from the site, and around 10% of the national park s amphibian species are globally threatened. Invertebrate diversity is also very high, and many species of invertebrate discovered at the site are known from nowhere else in the world |
Source: www.traveltosapa.com
H'Mong Ethnic Minority
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History: The Black Hmong immigrated from China approximately 300 years ago. Language: The spoken language belongs to the Hmong - Dao language family. The Hmong writing was romanized in 1961 but is not widely used today. Costume: The Black Hmong women are famous for making cloth from hemp and dying it a deep indigo blue. They wear long blouses decorated with batik flowers over short trousers, and wrap long scarves around their legs. They wrap their long hair around their head and wear a blue turban. The men wear long jackets with shirts and a long waist coat embroidered at the collar, and a small hat. Today some Hmong wear Viet or western clothes. Social organisation: Hmong women are respected in their community as being equal with Hmong men. Husbands and wives are very affectionate and do many of their tasks together like going to the market, working on the field and visiting relatives. In this way, they help each other to develop a strong community life.  Marriage: For the Black Hmong it is important that a girl knows how to embroider and work well in the field. These skills are more important than her beauty. Boys and girls are allowed to get to know each other before they get married. They go to the love market where they eat and sing songs together. After this time, the boy can propose marriage and if the girl agrees, she goes to live in his house. She is put in a small room and visited by the boy’s mother and sisters who give her food to persuade her to accept the marriage. The boy must give the bride s family silver coins, pigs, chicken and rice wine for the wedding ceremony. The bride has some time to decide if she accepts the marriage - even after living with her husband for a few days, she can choose to break their agreement. If the boy doesn’t have a dowry to give to the girl’s family, he lives in her house until he is able to marry her. Funeral: When there is a death in the family, the deceased’s children fire a gun to let everyone in the area know. People in the village come to deceased s house with anything they have - chicken, rice, a small pig or rice wine - to help the family. Everybody sings and eats until the deceased is wrapped in a mat and carried to a grave by one group, while a coffin, which has been kept in a cave somewhere near the grave, is carried by another. Both groups have to run very fast to meet at the grave to make the deceased forget the way home. If the deceased’s family is not able to supervise the funeral rituals, they can wait for a few years before organising a special one called ma kho. They invite people in the village to a place by the grave for the funeral for a celebration, at which they sing and dance. Beliefs: Many places are reserved for worshipping in a Hmong house – there s a place for ancestors, for the house spirit, for the kitchen spirit, even the door spirit. There are different rituals which forbid people to walk into the Hmong house or their villages. For example, a green tree branch on the front door indicates that entrance is forbidden. Artistic activities: The Black Hmong are very good at making agricultural tools, wooden furniture, musical instruments and jewelry. They are also famous for their handicraft and embroidery. They generally only make such items to meet their own needs, but other minorities in the area buy their produce because of its high quality. Since the advent of tourism in Sapa, many Hmong women make decorated cloth to sell on the town s main streets. Festivals: Like the other minorities, the Black Hmong have lots of different festivals during the year. They ensure that there is always time for community activities, which play an important role in their life. One of the most important festivals is the New Year, which they celebrate for an entire month. It happens about one month earlier than Vietnamese Tet. During this time, boys play flutes and girls play an instrument made from two leaves. They all spend time together playing traditional games. The Blue Hmong minority The Blue Hmong share the same origin as the Black Hmong. Most of their rites and rituals are the same - only their clothes are different. The Blue Hmong women wear long skirts over long trousers, with a blue bib worn over the top. |
| Source: www.traveltosapa.com |
Minority in general
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There are 54 ethnic groups in Vietnam. The resultant diversity in culture and history of these minorities has created one of the most complex human environments in South East Asia. The main ethic group, the Kinh (Viet), accounts for approximately 87% of the population. The remaining 13%, some 8.5 million people, occupy a variety of midland, upland and highland areas, though are mainly concentrated in the western part of the country where they inhabit two-thirds of the border areas. The ethnic groups vary in size, ranging from over 1 million to less than 200 persons. The ten major groups account for about 85% of the ethnic population. Most minorities are found in equal or greater numbers in southern China, Laos, Cambodia, northern Thailand and Burma. Facts regarding the origin, distribution, subdivisions and cultural character of the minorities remain uncertain. The classification of ethnic groups varies, in a number of cases Vietnamese, Chinese, French and British designate the same people by different names. The distinction between ethnic groups is made on the basis of linguistic criteria. The minorities are divided into three major language families: Austro-Asiatic, Austronesian and Sino-Tibetan. However, the 54 ethnic groups included many local groups of different denomination with a multitude of dialects. Also, minority groups who share the same language often have distinct thought and behaviour patterns. Thus, a system of classification based on language alone would be imprecise. Groups may be sub-divided by differences in dialect relationships geographical position, altitude of settlement, socio-political structure and traditional dress. Political & administrative history Before the French rule (1859-1954) many minorities had developed patterns of social organisation, either living as rural communes or under a feudal system where one minority often dominated another. Under French rule most minorities were required to carry out unpaid labour and were subject to heavy taxes. As with many minorities, the ethnic groups in Sapa were actively opposed to the colonialists, and immigration into Vietnam, particularly of Hmong, continued between 1864 to 1892 to augment guerilla forces made up of mixed minority groups. During the 40 years preceding the 1945 August Revolution the French faced at least seven minority revolts. Between 1945 and 1975 the government of Vietnam aimed to achieve the co-operation of ethnic groups in the war of reunification. This was attempted by granting them constitutional rights equal to those of the Kinh majority. In the mid 1960s relations between the government and northern minorities improved due to the introduction of an official policy based on the principle of self-government centred on Soviet communist practice for ethnic groups. The government established two Autonomous Regions in the north and north-west of the country led by a People s Council and its administrative body, on which the various minorities in the region were proportionally represented. These Autonomous Regions were abolished in the post-reunification period. Minority participation in the two Indo-China wars contributed to their integration in to the political, economic and life of the country. This is reflected in the delineation of their political and civil fights as written in the 1981 constitution. The present government approach to the minorities is through a settlement programme aimed at further integration the minorities into national life. Ethnic groups are represented at a country level by the National Assembly. In 1987, 14% of members were minority peoples, in-line with their proportion of the total population. Other political legislative and executive bodies exist for and with the participation of minorities, such as the State Committee for Ethnic Affairs and civil committees at provincial and district level. Ethnic minorities in the Sapa district Excluding the Kinh people or ethnic Vietnamese, eight different ethnic groups are found in Sapa; Hmong, Dao (pronounced Zao), Tay, Giay (pronounced Zai), Muong, Thai, Hoa (ethnic Chinese) and Xa Pho (a denomination of the Phu La minority group). However, the last four groups comprise less than 500 people in total. The population of the district is estimated at 31,652 (1993) of which 52% are Hmong, 25% are Dao, 15% are Kinh, 5% are Tay and 2% are Giay. Around 3,300 people live in Sapa town, the remainder are peasant farmers distributed unevenly throughout the district. The minorities are governed under the same legal and administrative systems as the Kinh majority. Each province is sub-divided in to a number of districts which hold a degree of autonomy in local government. The district is further divided in to communes which have an elected president and small committee responsible for agricultural and legal issues, amongst other thing. There are 18 communes in the Sapa district, with populations of between 970 and 4,500. These communes are made up of between two and six villages, each with an elected leader. Education and Health Education and health care are supplied free to the minorities by the state. Every commune in Vietnam is supposed to have a primary school, and each of the 550 districts typically has at least one upper secondary school. However, in Sapa not every commune has a primary school and school attendance rates by minority child are low since formal education is not a traditional part of minority culture. Primary schools provide classes in Vietnamese, basic arithmetic and Vietnamese culture. These classes are held between three and six mornings each week and are attended by less than 3% of each commune. Children attending school are able to participate in household chores or agricultural work during the afternoon. In the summer months some communes offer similar classes to adults during the evenings. There is a secondary school in Sapa attended by about 120 minority children. Pupils board on a full-time or part-time basis depending on family commitments. Few communes have trained health staff and most refer serious cases of diseases such as malaria, dysentery and measles to the hospital in Sapa. Traditional herbal remedies are primarily used by the minorities, comprising medicinal plants gathered in the forest. A traditional medicine garden is located near the bus station in Sapa. This is supported by the Institute for Medicine in Hanoi and most of the plants are used in Hanoi. Other traditional gardens exist within province, for example at Lao Cai, for use by local people. There are very basic water treatment, sewage or waste disposal facilities in the district, and many communes have no means of dealing with their waste. It is therefore important that visitors take sensible health precautions, particularly regarding drinking water. Similarly, it is important not to increase the existing burden the environment by adding to the waste disposal problem. Minimize the effects of your visit by disposing of rubbish sensibly and re-use plastic bottles by sterilizing drinking water if possible. Many locally produced drinks come in glass bottles which are recycled. Agriculture The majority of people in Sapa are subsistence farmers in forest areas with some traditional practicing “swidden” agriculture (slash & burn) which has led to much forest clearance. The annual calendar of events is centred around agriculture. Rice cultivation is the main economic activity, though production is limited to one crop per year due to the winter climate being unsuitable for optimal rice growth. Between March and May, depending on the weather and the number of fields to be cultivated, rice is planted in the terraced paddy fields. Before planting the fields are ploughed using buffalo as draught animals. In July weeding of the rice crops takes place. Between September and October the rice is harvested. Between February and March maize is planted and crops are harvested between June and August. As a result of population growth there is high pressure on existing land. As rice is limited to only one crop per year and there is limited scope for expansion of agricultural land the ethnic minorities in Sapa face an annual deficit in food production. This shortage varies between families but most can only produce enough to provide for between four and eight months. The poorest families in each village receive rice provided by the government, usually surplus stock from the Mekong Delta. Livestock is reared to provide food during periods of rice shortage or on special occasions and also for sale to enable basic necessities to be bought. Livestock kept by local people includes cattle, water buffalo, pot-bellied pigs, goats, ducks and chickens. The minorities also gather natural produce from the forest, both to supplement their income and for domestic use. These include dead wood for fuel and building materials, mushrooms, bamboo shoots and ginger. Men from the ethnic groups are skilled hunters using homemade flintlock rifles, traps, crossbows, knives and dogs to catch animals in the forest. Hunting is now illegal though animals such as monkeys are still trapped if they are raiding crops. Opium cultivation exists in the north-western provinces of Lao Cai, Ha Giang, Tuyen Quang, Lai Chau and Son La. Addiction in minorities has been reported, as has the use of opium for medicinal purposes. Opium farming war banned in Vietnam in 1954, though cultivation for personal use was permitted. In 1986 all cultivation and possession for sale or personal use became illegal. Punishment includes fines and prison sentences for re-offenders. To discourage opium cultivation in Sapa the Hmong have been permitted to cultivate Panax Pseudo-ginseng within the remaining forest areas. This cash crop is sold to the Chinese for use in traditional medicines. There is no traditional delineation of work between the sexes. Each member of the family carries out jobs to which they are suited. Men are responsible for heavy work including ploughing, threshing, building, repairing the house and making agricultural implements. Women are responsible for planting, weeding, harvesting, food preparation and making clothes. Children are responsible for tending buffalo, and they, together with the elderly, help with lighter work and household chores. Tree planting programmers exist in Sapa to provide alternative sources of wood for fuel and building materials. This alleviates pressure on the remaining natural forest. These reforestation projects are supported by the Vietnamese government. A number of foreign aid and development agencies are also contributing to tree planting efforts as an integrated approach to raising the standard of the ethnic groups.Tree Planting Protective forest legislation acts as a disincentive to "swidden" agriculturalists, and those clearing land for cultivation are fined. Economic lumber species such as Fokienia hodginsii are used in furniture production and command high prices in Lao Cai ($400/m3) and China ($900/m3) for furniture production. The trees are cut by local people, though they are only paid a small fraction of the commercial value of the wood. Economic timber species are included in the tree planting programmes to reduce the incidence of illegal logging and provide an alternative source of income to the district. |
| Source: www.traveltosapa.com |
Saturday, March 12, 2011
Sa Pa
Administrative divisions: Sa Pa Town, Hau Thao Commune, Phung commune, Ta phin Village, Sai Nam Commune, Thanh Phu Commune Sa Pa, Lao Chai Village, Middle Village, Brush, San Kingfisher Lake Village, Thanh Kim, Ho The Village, Social History Pan, Suoi Contractors, Ta Van Commune, Commune The Minerals, Tambon Ta, bulge Giang, Nam Cang Commune
Natural conditions and climate
In the West - North of our country, Sa Pa is a highland district of Lao Cai province, a land of modest, quietly but contains many things hidden wonders of the natural scene. Natural beauty of Sapa is associated with human creativity with the topography of the mountains, green forests, the paintings are arranged in the layout of a harmonious region have created a landscape excellent romantic appeal. Sank in heavy clouds made bồng disease Sapa as a city in mist fanciful, draw up a picture of Son Thuy own situation. Here, things are invaluable resources that cool fresh air, bringing many diverse nuances. Located at an average elevation of 1500m - 1800m, Sapa climate should take at least several shades of Origin Left temperate, with average temperatures 15-18 ° C.
Located 38 km from the town of Lao Cai to Hanoi and 376 km. For here are two roads: one from the town of Lao Cai, one from Binh Lu (Lai Chau) to, with enough means such as trains, cars, motorcycles, cars horse ...
Sa Pa language name from the phone. Mandarin called Sa - Pa, "Sa" is the sand, "Pa" is the beach. Places of "sand" is the right for 32 km from Lao Cai to Sapa. Old days no Sapa, inhabitants of this land is for the "sand" which, therefore, local people who also say "to Sa Pa market.
Two words "Sa Pa, the Western pronunciation without, so to Sa Pa and they have two letters written in French the word is" Cha Pa "and a very long time people were called" Cha Pa " the sense of the word Vietnamese.
It Sapa today, before a circuit module to the muddy red water, so the locals called "Hung Ho," "Hung" is red, "Ho" is the age, the springs, streams red.
Sa Pa is the top Phan-Xi-Pang 3143 m high on the Hoang Lien Son range. Call Hoang Lien Son, because only on this mountain celandine, a precious medicinal herbs, rare, apart from the Hoang Lien range is "mine" of information, such as oil and precious wood species, including the birds, like chickens Congo, bears, monkeys, painting of ocean and thousands of drugs. National forests Hoang Lien Son has 136 species of birds, 56 mammals, 553 species of insects. There are 37 mammal species recorded in the "red book of Vietnam". Hoang Lien Son has 864 forest plant species, including 173 species of medicinal plants.
Ham Rong Mountain Sapa is right near town, any visitor can be up to the panoramic view of the town, Muong Hoa valley, Sa Pa, Ta phin hidden in fog smoke. Currently, embellished with hand of man, is a real Ham Rong landscapes full of flowers left of Sa Pa. And, if someone has to Shilin (Yunnan, China), the Ham Rong can also help you imagine the Shilin is. To Ham Rong, tourists like to touch the garden, clouds preferred closed body, flowers bright ground.
Sa Pa have old church just from town to town and go back toward the northeast, on the way to the Ta phin is there a monastery was built near the stone in a whole hillside clear, cool . Through the monastery by walking three kilometers to the north is a cave with enough width may contain a number of medium-sized groups of troops. In many stalactites hang create interesting shapes period as the first dance, the delegation seated, far fields, woods sparkling. Ta in this filter is two ethnic Mongolian and Dao has created production facilities in brocade export sales for both home and abroad is quite famous.
Hoa Muong people go right away to long and just look forward to eating meals of fish home. Special Muong Hoa valley is 196 Hon carved many of the exotic ancient people thousands of ten thousand years ago that many archaeologists are still not decode the information. Area was carved ancient relics ranked national and state is being proposed world heritage ranking. We looked up ngước Silver Falls from a height of 200 m above the water line down Austria forming sound forest and mountain spring.
Sa Pa is the "kingdom" of flowering fruit, as training flowers, peach to yellow, small yellow train, Miss Plum, plum purple, plum three flowers, lay single, flowering plum, flowering pear, flowering peach, daisy, flowers pink flowers ... especially immortal live forever with time ...
Sa Pa with 6 people and residents groups, each ethnic culture has a separate fund. Striking features of Sa Pa is a festival "POC forests" of people on Thin Ta Van Giay lunar month, along with festival forests POC Assembly also "span San (mountain bike) of Mongolia, Holidays" New Year dance "of the Red Dao, all took place in May every year Tet.
However, what the country is known version of the Sa Pa market, one of the 18 administrative divisions of Sa Pa is only one market meeting on Sunday in the district capital (Sapa). People have to go far away from the 7th day and night Saturday is all the way happy together by the folk songs of the son of Mongolian girls, the Dao, by the sound of each Forum, the flute, Mongolia's praise, by the bowl full of wine people with age ... and people have given it the "market situation".
Sa Pa wake potential, increase infrastructure investment for tourism development. With over 57 motels and hotels (including Hotel 3-4 stars) found in Sa Pa welcomes thousands of passengers in domestic and international vacation day and night, welcoming hundreds of visitors a day visit . Tourism is really leverage the economic - social Sa Pa, contributing to reduce household poverty rate from 70% in 1992 to 22% in 2000. Sa Pa is determined to build a sustainable tourist center famous nationwide.
Natural conditions and climate
In the West - North of our country, Sa Pa is a highland district of Lao Cai province, a land of modest, quietly but contains many things hidden wonders of the natural scene. Natural beauty of Sapa is associated with human creativity with the topography of the mountains, green forests, the paintings are arranged in the layout of a harmonious region have created a landscape excellent romantic appeal. Sank in heavy clouds made bồng disease Sapa as a city in mist fanciful, draw up a picture of Son Thuy own situation. Here, things are invaluable resources that cool fresh air, bringing many diverse nuances. Located at an average elevation of 1500m - 1800m, Sapa climate should take at least several shades of Origin Left temperate, with average temperatures 15-18 ° C.
Located 38 km from the town of Lao Cai to Hanoi and 376 km. For here are two roads: one from the town of Lao Cai, one from Binh Lu (Lai Chau) to, with enough means such as trains, cars, motorcycles, cars horse ...
Sa Pa language name from the phone. Mandarin called Sa - Pa, "Sa" is the sand, "Pa" is the beach. Places of "sand" is the right for 32 km from Lao Cai to Sapa. Old days no Sapa, inhabitants of this land is for the "sand" which, therefore, local people who also say "to Sa Pa market.
Two words "Sa Pa, the Western pronunciation without, so to Sa Pa and they have two letters written in French the word is" Cha Pa "and a very long time people were called" Cha Pa " the sense of the word Vietnamese.
It Sapa today, before a circuit module to the muddy red water, so the locals called "Hung Ho," "Hung" is red, "Ho" is the age, the springs, streams red.
Sa Pa is the top Phan-Xi-Pang 3143 m high on the Hoang Lien Son range. Call Hoang Lien Son, because only on this mountain celandine, a precious medicinal herbs, rare, apart from the Hoang Lien range is "mine" of information, such as oil and precious wood species, including the birds, like chickens Congo, bears, monkeys, painting of ocean and thousands of drugs. National forests Hoang Lien Son has 136 species of birds, 56 mammals, 553 species of insects. There are 37 mammal species recorded in the "red book of Vietnam". Hoang Lien Son has 864 forest plant species, including 173 species of medicinal plants.
Ham Rong Mountain Sapa is right near town, any visitor can be up to the panoramic view of the town, Muong Hoa valley, Sa Pa, Ta phin hidden in fog smoke. Currently, embellished with hand of man, is a real Ham Rong landscapes full of flowers left of Sa Pa. And, if someone has to Shilin (Yunnan, China), the Ham Rong can also help you imagine the Shilin is. To Ham Rong, tourists like to touch the garden, clouds preferred closed body, flowers bright ground.
Sa Pa have old church just from town to town and go back toward the northeast, on the way to the Ta phin is there a monastery was built near the stone in a whole hillside clear, cool . Through the monastery by walking three kilometers to the north is a cave with enough width may contain a number of medium-sized groups of troops. In many stalactites hang create interesting shapes period as the first dance, the delegation seated, far fields, woods sparkling. Ta in this filter is two ethnic Mongolian and Dao has created production facilities in brocade export sales for both home and abroad is quite famous.
Hoa Muong people go right away to long and just look forward to eating meals of fish home. Special Muong Hoa valley is 196 Hon carved many of the exotic ancient people thousands of ten thousand years ago that many archaeologists are still not decode the information. Area was carved ancient relics ranked national and state is being proposed world heritage ranking. We looked up ngước Silver Falls from a height of 200 m above the water line down Austria forming sound forest and mountain spring.
Sa Pa is the "kingdom" of flowering fruit, as training flowers, peach to yellow, small yellow train, Miss Plum, plum purple, plum three flowers, lay single, flowering plum, flowering pear, flowering peach, daisy, flowers pink flowers ... especially immortal live forever with time ...
Sa Pa with 6 people and residents groups, each ethnic culture has a separate fund. Striking features of Sa Pa is a festival "POC forests" of people on Thin Ta Van Giay lunar month, along with festival forests POC Assembly also "span San (mountain bike) of Mongolia, Holidays" New Year dance "of the Red Dao, all took place in May every year Tet.
However, what the country is known version of the Sa Pa market, one of the 18 administrative divisions of Sa Pa is only one market meeting on Sunday in the district capital (Sapa). People have to go far away from the 7th day and night Saturday is all the way happy together by the folk songs of the son of Mongolian girls, the Dao, by the sound of each Forum, the flute, Mongolia's praise, by the bowl full of wine people with age ... and people have given it the "market situation".
Sa Pa wake potential, increase infrastructure investment for tourism development. With over 57 motels and hotels (including Hotel 3-4 stars) found in Sa Pa welcomes thousands of passengers in domestic and international vacation day and night, welcoming hundreds of visitors a day visit . Tourism is really leverage the economic - social Sa Pa, contributing to reduce household poverty rate from 70% in 1992 to 22% in 2000. Sa Pa is determined to build a sustainable tourist center famous nationwide.
Source: www.vietnamtourism.com
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